Summary: A new study from Caltech using AI-enhanced fMRI scans reveals that the hypothalamus not only regulates basic functions like body temperature and hunger but also switches between survival behaviors such as hunting prey and escaping predators in humans.
Key Takeaways:
- Hypothalamus and Survival Behaviors: The hypothalamus is crucial in switching between survival behaviors like hunting and escaping in humans, as shown by a Caltech study using advanced fMRI and AI techniques.
- AI and fMRI Insights: Researchers used artificial intelligence to optimize fMRI scans and created a computational model to link movement patterns with hypothalamus activity, revealing neural activity patterns associated with survival behavior switching.
- Predictive Hypothalamus Signaling: The study found that the strength of hypothalamus signaling can predict performance in survival tasks, highlighting its key role in coordinating survival strategies and its evolutionary importance.
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
The hypothalamus, a small brain region, regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and sleep. A study by Jaejoong Kim, PhD, and Dean Mobbs, PhD, from Caltech, published in PLOS Biology, reveals it also switches between survival behaviors like hunting prey and escaping predators.
Previous studies in animals have suggested that the hypothalamus is critical in switching between behaviors, but it has been unclear if this is the case in humans. Studying the brain region in humans is challenging because of the tiny size of the hypothalamus; several of its subregions are below the resolution of typical functional MRI (fMRI) scans.
Neural Patterns in Hypothalamus
In the new study, the researchers developed artificial-intelligence-based approaches to optimize and analyze fMRI scans of the brains of 21 healthy individuals, taken over four-hour periods while people were engaged in a hunting and escaping survival game within the fMRI scanner. Participants had to control an avatar, switching between hunting prey, and escaping a predator.
The researchers built a computational model to explain the differences in movement patterns that characterized hunting behavior compared to escaping behavior. Then, they analyzed how changes in movements were linked with subtle changes in hypothalamus activity.
Using this approach, the team discovered that patterns of neural activity in the hypothalamus, as well as nearby regions of the brain that are directly connected to the hypothalamus, are associated with behavior switching—at least for survival behaviors. Moreover, the strength of this hypothalamus signaling could predict how well someone would perform in their next survival task.
Imaging Reveals Hypothalamus in Survival
While the association was seen for switching between hunting and escaping behaviors, it was not observed for switching between other behaviors. The authors conclude that the hypothalamus plays a key role in how the human brain switches between and coordinates survival behaviors—a function that is important and evolutionarily advantageous.
The authors add, “New research demonstrates the vital role of the human hypothalamus in switching between survival behaviors such as hunting and escaping, employing advanced imaging and computational modeling methods. This research also reveals how the hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions to coordinate these survival strategies.”
