Neurosurgeons and engineers develop DeepGlioma, calling it a game-changer for brain tumor diagnosis
A team of neurosurgeons and engineers at Michigan Medicine, in collaboration with investigators from New York University, University of California, San Francisco and others, developed an AI-based diagnostic screening system called DeepGlioma that uses rapid imaging to analyze tumor specimens taken during an operation and detect genetic mutations, reportedly under 90 seconds.
In a study published in Nature Medicine, out of 150 patients with diffuse glioma, the newly developed system identified mutations used by the World Health Organization to define molecular subgroups of the condition with an average accuracy of over 90%.
“This AI-based tool has the potential to improve the access and speed of diagnosis and care of patients with deadly brain tumors,” shared lead author and creator of DeepGlioma, Todd Hollon, MD—a neurosurgeon at University of Michigan Health and assistant professor of neurosurgery at University of Michigan Medical School (UM).
According to experts, molecular classification is increasingly central to the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas, as the benefits and risks of surgery vary among brain tumor patients depending on their genetic makeup. In fact, patients with a specific type of diffuse glioma, called astrocytomas, can gain an average of five years with complete tumor removal compared to other diffuse glioma subtypes.
However, experts also say that access to molecular testing for diffuse glioma is limited and not uniformly available at centers that treat patients with brain tumors. When it is available, Hollon says the turnaround time for results can take days or even weeks.
“Barriers to molecular diagnosis can result in suboptimal care for patients with brain tumors, complicating surgical decision-making and selection of chemoradiation regimens,” explained Hollon.
Prior to DeepGlioma, surgeons did not have a method to differentiate diffuse gliomas during surgery, researchers noted. An idea that started in 2019, the system combines deep neural networks with an optical imaging method known as stimulated Raman histology, which was also developed at UM, to image brain tumor tissue in real time.
“DeepGlioma creates an avenue for accurate and more timely identification that would give providers a better chance to define treatments and predict patient prognosis,” explained Hollon.
Even with optimal standard-of-care treatment, experts say that patients with diffuse glioma face limited treatment options. The median survival time for patients with malignant diffuse gliomas is only 18 months.
Studies show that while the development of medications to treat the tumors is essential, fewer than 10% of patients with glioma are enrolled in clinical trials, which often limit participation by molecular subgroups. Researchers hope that DeepGlioma can be a catalyst for early trial enrollment.
“Progress in the treatment of the most deadly brain tumors has been limited in the past decades—in part because it has been hard to identify the patients who would benefit most from targeted therapies,” noted senior author Daniel Orringer, MD, an associate professor of neurosurgery and pathology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, who developed stimulated Raman histology. “Rapid methods for molecular classification hold great promise for rethinking clinical trial design and bringing new therapies to patients.”
